The Underarm Serve in Tennis: A Controversial Tactic or Tactical Genius?

In the world of professional tennis, few shots generate as much debate as the underarm serve. Traditionally viewed as an unconventional and even unsportsmanlike tactic, its use has sparked heated discussions among players, commentators, and fans alike. But is the underarm serve truly an affront to the spirit of the game, or is it a legitimate response to the evolving dynamics of modern tennis?

Why Is the Underarm Serve Controversial?

The primary reason the underarm serve is considered controversial is its deviation from the norm. Tennis has long been a sport that values power, endurance, and precision. The overhand serve is regarded as a test of skill, with players striving for speed and accuracy to dominate their opponents from the very first stroke. By contrast, the underarm serve can appear as a trick shot or a desperate measure used to catch an opponent off guard.

Many critics argue that the underarm serve is unsportsmanlike because it seeks to exploit an opponent’s positioning rather than relying on sheer skill. Some view it as a sign of disrespect, especially when used in high-stakes matches. The stigma surrounding the shot dates back decades, with players like Michael Chang famously employing it during the 1989 French Open against Ivan Lendl. Even then, it was met with mixed reactions.

A Response to Deep Baseline Play

One of the key reasons the underarm serve has gained prominence in recent years is the trend of players standing increasingly far behind the baseline to return serve. With advances in racquet technology and player conditioning, the modern game has seen a significant shift towards baseline play, with players often standing well beyond the baseline—sometimes as far as 10-15 feet—when returning powerful serves.

Enter the underarm serve. Some professional players have strategically used this shot to take advantage of opponents who position themselves deep in anticipation of a booming first serve. By catching their opponent off guard with a soft, short serve, they force them to rush forward, disrupting their rhythm and positioning. When executed well, the underarm serve can be a brilliant tactical weapon rather than a gimmick.

Is It Fair Play?

While some purists may argue that the underarm serve contradicts the spirit of competition, there is nothing in the rulebook that deems it illegal. The serve remains within the boundaries of fair play as long as it is executed before the ball toss exceeds the height of the player's head.

Additionally, tennis is a game of strategy and adaptability. Just as drop shots are used to counter heavy baseline rallies and slice serves can be used to manipulate angles, the underarm serve is simply another tool in a player’s arsenal. If an opponent consistently stands far behind the baseline, it can be argued that they are taking a tactical risk—one that a clever player can exploit.

Should Intermediate Players Use the Underarm Serve?

For club and intermediate players, the question arises: should they incorporate the underarm serve into their game? The answer depends on context.

1. Use it Sparingly – The underarm serve should not be a player’s primary serving strategy, as overusing it can make them predictable. However, in certain situations—especially against opponents who stand too far back—it can be an effective way to disrupt their rhythm.

2. Practice the Execution – A poorly executed underarm serve can backfire, leaving the opponent an easy put-away shot. Intermediate players should practice the shot to ensure they can disguise it well and control placement.

3. Consider the Spirit of the Match – In recreational tennis, some players may take offense to an underarm serve, interpreting it as disrespectful rather than tactical. While it is within the rules, players should gauge the competitiveness and sportsmanship of their opponent before using it.

4. Use Against the Right Opponent – If an opponent is consistently struggling with mobility or reaction speed, the underarm serve might be seen as exploiting their weaknesses in an unsportsmanlike way. On the other hand, against an advanced opponent who plays deep, it can be a strategic choice.
   

The Future of the Underarm Serve in Tennis

As the game of tennis continues to evolve, the underarm serve is likely to remain a subject of debate. Its increased use at the professional level suggests that players are beginning to accept it as a legitimate tool rather than a cheap trick. With more professionals using it strategically—rather than simply as a desperation move—it is gradually shedding its negative stigma.

Ultimately, tennis is a game of adaptation. Players who rely too heavily on power and predictable patterns can be countered with creative, unconventional play. Whether one sees the underarm serve as a tactical innovation or an unsportsmanlike ploy may depend on perspective, but there is no denying its growing presence in the modern game.

For club and intermediate players, the best approach is to use it wisely, ensuring that it serves a tactical purpose rather than a novelty. When deployed effectively, the underarm serve can be a valuable asset—one that keeps opponents guessing and adds an element of surprise to any match.